Military regimes were not willing to have a professional military that could strike with precision because of the fear of military coup. The role of the military 76 he states further, that the characteristics of military law includes the following. The reason offered is that military rule is a political dictatorship that excludes peoples right to free and fair elections or political participation. Military intervention in the nigerian politics and its impact. It stretched through the shortlived regime of majorgenera. Military rule is marked with autocracy and rule by force. The impact of military rule on nigeria s administration a. Although the bloody massacre during the military regime in nigeria remains on the minds of those who were there and it triggers the minds of those who now read about such issues. Nigeria is endowed with diverse and huge resources both human and material.
Apparently, there are many things that were introduced during the military era that actually contributed positively to this country. Military governments and economic development sheffield hallam. The term military rule as used here is synonymous with military regime and refers to a subtype of authoritarian regime. The consequences of a military dictatorship for education are that students could be prevented from questioning and challenging the state. Military rule, political regime in which the military as an organization holds a preponderance of power. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria article pdf available december 2012 with 51,583 reads. Colonization lasted until 1960, when an independence movement succeeded in gaining nigeria its independence. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 19661979 abdulrahman, ajibola a. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration.
Nigeria has therefore been governed for a longer period over thirty years of her independence by the military. It adopts descriptive and case history perspective, asserting that the behavioral trend is an outcome of the long years of military. The regime declared a war against indiscipline wai, which resulted in the arrest, detention, and jailing of a number of politicians. Army command and general staff college in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree master of military art and science general studies by fredrick c. Military intervention in the nigerian politics and its impact citeseerx. The need to consolidate power has opened up for the struggle for power at all levels within society even outside elections. The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria 287 military rule in africa at the end of the colonialism in africa, it was natural, that the political culture of the colonial. The study also examines how corruption induces military intervention in nigerian politics due to the embezzlement of public funds by our political leaders as well as. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. Colonial economy, gender production, resources extraction, wealth in people. From the onset of independent government in nigeria in 1960 to the end of 1990, the military had ruled for twentyone years. Nigeria today is seemingly democratic with there having been no military coups since 1999, however the decades under military rule have had a resounding impact on the nation with all todays 36 states created by the military and there still being a considerable military influence evident. The military consequences of military rule in subsaharan. Free essays on negative impact of military rule on nigerians.
Abstractthe paper seeks to explain the rationale of the militarize dispositions of politicians in the current democracy. Military rule commenced in nigeria on january 15, 1966 when a military coup detat led by an army major, chukwuma nzeogwu, overthrew the government of prime minister abubakar tafawa balewa. It must be mentioned here that the perspective offered in this paper does not exhaust all that there is to be discussed concerning corruption and political leadership in nigeria. The rule of law is fundamental and prerequisite in a democratic system of government. Nigeria first became a republic in 1963, but succumbed to military rule three years later after a bloody coup d. It is often argued that military rule in nigeria made no positive impact to the country, but this is a fallacy. Historical perspectives and policy implications part i. However, there are quite a number of factors associated with.
The effects of military governance in nigeria essay bartleby. This module discusses the military era in nigeria, highlighting the major political, economic, social and cultural developments that occurred during military rule, the cause, problems, means and degree of these developments and of nigeria s integration as a sovereign nation. Nigeria and the ruins of military rule the guardian nigeria. The contribution of african women to economic growth and development. Prevention in war time, acts or omissions, capable of. The impact of military coup detat on political development in nigeria olorungbemi simeon toyin ph.
Major general johnson aguiyiironsi was made the head of the federal military government of nigeria, but was soon overthrown and murdered in a coup in july of the same year. Since gaining independence in 1960, it has faced numerous regime changes. Fortunately, the military has also come to the conclusion that it hardly fare better under military rule as professionalism is the first casualty. Advantages, impact or achievements of military rule in nigeria to be honest we cant rule out the fact that everything that as a disadvantage also as its advantages. These fluctuations in stable governance have both positively and negatively affected the livelihood of the nigerian people. Nov 28, 2017 another broad area were the military had much impact was the academic life. Nigerias militarized democracy faces a test at the polls. The earliest culture in nigeria is identifiable by the distinctive artifacts of the nok people. There is almost the absence of the rule of law in military rule. The military rule that firstly brought new hopes however did little to salvage the precarious situations that collapsed the first republic. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to.
Instability and military intervention in politics in the periphery. The political, economic and social dynamics of nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and consequences of military rule on the public service in nigeria, as well as the major challenges that confront this principal administrative machinery of government in its drive to adjust itself to the demands of true democracy and good governance in. The history of the nigerian army and the implications for the future of nigeria a thesis presented to the faculty of the u. The impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. World bank, 1995 and about 10,000km of pipelines, 10 gas plants, 3 oil terminals and. The picture that emerges from this analysis suggests that most military. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, author. Nigerian foreign policy under military rule, 19661999 by. He critically analyzes the major developments during this period at the regional, continental, and global levels, focusing on the activities of the key figures.
History of nigeria the history of nigeria can be traced to settlers trading across the middle east and africa as early as 1100 bc. Feb 05, 2015 historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol. The role played by the military in nigeria developmental process cannot be deserted. Nigeria has been governed for a longer period by the military junta than by civilian rule after her independence in 1960. Through the violation of academic freedom, the restriction of academic autonomy, underfunding and other adverse policies, military rule in nigeria hindered the functioning of the universities, and drastically curtailed their contribution to positive national development. Nigeria s achievements and failures under the military. Delta of nigeria the niger delta, nigerias oil belt, is home to much of the oil and gas reserves and the oil industry. Historical research letter issn 22243178 paper issn 22250964 online vol. All evidence suggests the early settlement of nigeria millennia before the spread of agriculture 3,000 years ago. Nigerias militarized democracy faces test in elections. It encapsulates such ideals as government according to the law, equality before the law and the independence, and autonomy of the judiciary among others. The organisation projects a population of 203 million in 2025 and 279 million in 2050, when nigeria is expected to have the worlds 6th largest population. The impact of military coup detat on political development in nigeria. Nigeria became an independent country in october 1 st 1960 after about a century occupation by the british colonial masters.
Military regimes and nigerias economic development, 19661999. Military rule are noted for violating fundamental human rights. Unfortunately the military struck in january 16 1966 and ruled the country for over 30 years. D student of political science at the department of political science university of ibadan ibadan, nigeria abstract the military is not by inclination trained to rule, but to defend. The contribution of african women to economic growth and. In the impact of military rule on nigerias administration, eds. Country growth has been sacrificed on the altar of false federalism. The impact of military rule on nigerias administration a. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building.
The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 19661979 for a significant part of its post independence existence, nigeria was under military rule. The military prevented the country from breaking into units, e. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact and consequences of military rule on the public service in nigeria, as well as the major challenges that confront this principal administrative machinery of government in its drive to adjust itself to the demands of true democracy and good governance in nigeria. Lets take a closer look at this phenomenon and the disadvantages of military rule in nigeria. This study analyzes military rule and the political transition to democracy in nigeria. Political leadership and corruption in nigeria since 1960. Sanda, olusola ojo, victor ayeni faculty of administration, university of ife, 1987 civil military relations 344 pages. It adopts descriptive and case history perspective, asserting that the behavioral trend is an outcome of the long years of military governance. The paper seeks to explain the rationale of the militarize dispositions of politicians in the current democracy. Essays on negative impact of military rule on nigerians. The military and the challenge of democratic consolidation. No respect for the rule of law since the military is conducted without a constitution.
Throughout the 33 years of military rule in nigeria, coup detat was the order of the day, governments were overthrown, political leaders assassinated and oppositions silenced. For most of human history, attaching military to rule would have been. Nigeria, the years of corruption, civil war, military rule, and mismanagement have hindered economic growth of the country. It serves as a blueprint for designing an ideal legal system. In this article, i will carefully discuss some of the achievements of military rule in nigeria. Another broad area were the military had much impact was the academic life. Such as construction of roads, airports, bridges, establishment of institutions, etc.
The problem, however, was that although military officers accepted this rationale, military rule usually became selfsustaining. Sanda, olusola ojo, victor ayeni faculty of administration, university of ife, 1987 civilmilitary relations 344 pages. The military and the challenge of democratic consolidation in. There were 349 drilling sites, 22 flow stations and one terminal in the early 1990s. Nigerians are still feeling the strong negative effects of the military rule. Military and civilian regimes in subsaharan africa lsu digital. Abegunrin examines nigerian foreign policy during the 33 years of military rule punctuated by the quadrennial civilian government. When the wai was extended to journalists and others not responsible for the social. Nigeria ends 15 years of military rule the independent. Military rule in nigeria first started on january 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the npcnndp government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. Pdf the impact of military rule on democracy in nigeria. Expressions and mannerisms from the days of military rule are still part of. The presence of opposition groups which do not share the same ideology with those in the military has forced at times the.
The military is not by inclination trained to rule, but to defend. The military rule in nigeria began with the collapse of the first republic on january, 1966 just less than six years of her independence. Introduction the military is a peculiar organization in several respects. Starting from january 1966 to october 1979 and december 1983 to may 1999, the military has ruled the country for about 30 years. The military history of nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st october 1966. The values and norms imbibe manifests in the practice of the current. The impact of military rule on nigerias nation building, 1966 1979, length. Measures that could be taken to prevent military intervention in nigeria. It enquires into how military intervenes in the nigerian politics in the recent time. Oct 10, 2016 nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 nigerian coup detat which overthrew prime minister alhaji sir abubakar tafawa balewa.
Lagos was invaded by british forces in 1851 and formally annexed in 1865. The impact of the different administrations on the. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 ad and hausa states around 85 ad during the. The government during the military regime was unstable. The prolonged military rule in nigeria has caused a lot of negative effects. Military politicians in power from january 15, 1966 until 1999 destroyed nigerias economy, ruined the currency, desecrated the civil service which was the best on the continent then and killed. However, years of negligence and adverse policies have led to the underutilization of these resources economic watch, 2010, and this has. The term military rule as used here is synonymous with military regime and refers to a subtype of authoritarian regime for most of human history, attaching military to rule would have been redundant, because almost all political regimes in largescale societies of the premodern period. The rule of law in governance in nigeria nnamdi azikiwe. The rule of law is a liberty centred constitutional concept which stipulates that everything must be done in accordance with the law. Nigerias militarized democracy faces test in elections the. Nov 30, 2016 military rule and the republic of biafra. Emmanuel akyeampong harvard university hippolyte fofack world bank 1.
Of course, nigerias independence meant it had to try to unify the nation, which proved difficult due to its extreme diversity in languages, religion, culture and politics. The impact of military coup detat on political development. Eventually, there were so many riots that a military coup occurred in 1966. Nigerias nascent democracy got off to a shaky start yesterday after the announcement that olusegun obasanjo had. The case study of nigeria deals with the impact of regime type on industrial development. The military rulership affects the executive, legislature, the judiciary and the civil society. To them, nigeria has taught the world the difference between democracy and civil rule. Development and the military institution in nigeria. Advantages of military rule in nigeria 2 years ago 72878 views by george ibenegbu nigeria has experienced both sides of the military rule. Nigeria and the ruins of military rule the guardian. Nigeria is an oilrich state located in the eastern part of african.